What is throughput in Stop and Wait protocol?
Throughput. The number of bits that a receiver can accept in total time duration (i.e. transmission time(Td) + 2 * propagation delay(Tp)). It is also called effective bandwidth or bandwidth utilization. In Stop and Wait, in the total duration, the receiver can accept only one frame.
What is the main disadvantage of Stop and Wait technique?
disadvantages of stop-and-wait: fairly slow: the sender can send at most one new packet per RTT. not robust: if the ack can get lost, when the receiver gets a packet, the receiver cannot tell if it is a retransmission or a new packet.
How do you calculate throughput of Stop and Wait protocol?
Throughput = 1 Data packet/frame per RTT. If Bandwidth*Delay product is very high, then stop and wait protocol is not so useful. The sender has to keep waiting for acknowledgements before sending the processed next packet.
What is the difference between Stop and Wait and wait ARQ?
Working of Stop & Wait ARQ is almost like Stop & Wait protocol, the only difference is that it includes some additional components, which are: Time out timer. Sequence numbers for data packets. Sequence numbers for feedbacks.
What is the aim of stop and wait protocol?
Stop-and-wait ARQ, also referred to as alternating bit protocol, is a method in telecommunications to send information between two connected devices. It ensures that information is not lost due to dropped packets and that packets are received in the correct order.
Does TCP use stop and wait?
This service department lies in the hands of TCP. Their major flow control protocols – Stop and Wait, Go Back N, and Selective Repeat. The sender sends the packet and waits for the ACK (acknowledgement) of the packet. The sender selectively re-transmits the lost packet and moves the window forward.
Why the stop and wait protocol is inefficient?
Stop-and-wait ARQ is inefficient compared to other ARQs, because the time between packets, if the ACK and the data are received successfully, is twice the transit time (assuming the turnaround time can be zero). The throughput on the channel is a fraction of what it could be.
What is drawback of go back n protocol?
But it can also result in a huge drawback which is, if one acknowledgment is lost then it means that all the data packets transmitted are lost. Independent Ack: Here every data packet gets acknowledged independently. Here the reliability is high, but the main drawback is high traffic.
What does the bandwidth delay product tell us about the networks?
Bandwidth delay product is a measurement of how many bits can fill up a network link. It gives the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted by the sender at a given time before waiting for acknowledgment. Thus it is the maximum amount of unacknowledged data.
What advantages does go-back-N ARQ have over stop and wait ARQ?
Go-Back-N ARQ is a more efficient use of a connection than Stop-and-wait ARQ, since unlike waiting for an acknowledgement for each packet, the connection is still being utilized as packets are being sent. In other words, during the time that would otherwise be spent waiting, more packets are being sent.
Which protocol accepts out of order packets at the receiver?
Selective Repeat protocol
Selective Repeat protocol
| Sr. No. | Key | Selective Repeat protocol |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | Supported Order | In Selective Repeat protocol, out-of-order deliveries also can be accepted at receiver end. |
| 7 | Retransmissions | In Selective Repeat protocol, in case of packet drop,number of retransmition is 1. |
Which one of the technique is used in stop and wait protocol?
“stop-n-wait” (sometimes known as “positive acknowledgement with retransmission”) is the fundamental technique to provide reliable transfer under unreliable packet delivery system. After transmitting one packet, the sender waits for an acknowledgment (ACK) from the receiver before transmitting the next one.
What is the difference between throughput and bandwidth?
➤Both throughput and bandwidth are not same. Throughput is usually less than bandwidth. ➤Bandwidth refers to maximum amount of data which can pass through a channel or medium where as throughput refers to actual amount of data which can pass through a channel.
How to calculate the efficiency of stop and Wait protocol?
= Tt (data) + Tp (data) + Tq + Tpro + Tt (ack) + Tp (ack) Since, Tp (ack) = Tp (data) And, Tt (ack) << Tt (data). So we can neglect Tt (ack) Tq = 0 and Tpro = 0 Hence, Total time = Tt (data) + 2 * Tp Throughput: Number of bits send per second, which is also known as Effective Bandwidth or Bandwidth utilization.
Is the stop and Wait protocol suitable for LAN?
Hence, Stop and Wait is only suitable for small area network like LAN. It is not suitable for MAN or WAN, as the efficiency will be very low. If we increase the size of the Data packet, the efficiency is going to increase. Hence, it is suitable not for small packets.
How much bandwidth does it take to transfer a file?
The total amount of data to be transferred: 56 megabits (46 megabits + 10 megabits) Bandwidth (Maximum data transfer speed): 56 Mbps Amount of data lost due to errors and acknowledgments: 28 Mbps The time it takes to transfer the entire file: 56 megabits/28 Mbps = 2 seconds Throughput always remains lower than the bandwidth.